Meru and Embu Contemplate Future of Miraa and Muguka Following Coastal Ban.
The future of miraa and muguka farming in the Mount Kenya region faces uncertainty as farmers grapple with the aftermath of bans imposed in several counties. Miraa, also known as khat, and muguka are widely cultivated stimulant crops in Meru and Embu.
Farmers, traders, transporters, and other stakeholders have relied on the proceeds from these crops for decades. However, bans in certain jurisdictions, driven by the perception of them as drugs, have sparked opposition from Meru and Embu communities.
The recent prohibition of muguka in Mombasa by Governor Abdulswamad Nassir, echoed by Kilifi Governor Gideon Mung’aro, adds to the challenges facing the promotion of miraa and muguka.
Miraa gained legal recognition in 2016 when former President Uhuru Kenyatta allocated Sh1 billion to support the sector. While some classify it as a drug, in Meru, it’s viewed as a herb or food, with supporters like former Nyambene MP Joseph Mutuuria considering it medicinal, consuming it daily.
Scientific Considerations
Critics of the bans argue that there’s insufficient scientific evidence to support claims of harm associated with miraa and muguka. Scientific research is crucial to understanding their various varieties, optimal growing conditions, and potential benefits.
Former Igembe North MP Joseph Eruaki, also the chairman of Kenya Plant Health Institute (KEPHIS), stresses the importance of researching ecological zones suitable for different miraa varieties.
Dr. James Mithika, a miraa farmer and trader, highlights variations in cathine and cathinone levels between the two stimulants, emphasizing muguka’s higher cathine content and its effects on the brain.
Efforts and Challenges
Former President Uhuru Kenyatta’s establishment of the Miraa Research Institute with Sh30 million from the Miraa Fund aimed to address these issues by identifying suitable varieties, pesticides, and farming methods.
Kimathi Munjuri, chairman of the Nyambene Miraa Farmers and Traders Association, calls for comprehensive research to facilitate the growth, marketing, and value addition of miraa and muguka, advocating for their separate categorization to address specific challenges.
Economic and Cultural Impact
The bans have significant economic implications, with muguka contributing billions annually to Embu County and providing daily revenue to Mombasa County. The cultural significance of these crops cannot be overlooked, with communities relying on them for income and social reasons.
Legal Challenges and Community Support
Coastal bans have sparked legal and community challenges, with leaders like MP Geoffrey Ruku questioning their validity and accusing drug barons of influencing the decisions. The bans threaten the livelihoods of thousands of farmers and communities dependent on these stimulants.
Conclusion
As debates continue over the fate of miraa and muguka, it’s evident that a balanced approach is needed, considering both economic and cultural factors. Scientific research, legal clarity, and community engagement will be crucial in charting a way forward for these vital crops.
Article By Suzy Nyongesa.